---
references:
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhObserver
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 1991
    month: 11
    day: 26
  title: Observer & Guardian contre Royaume-Uni
  title-short: Observer c. R.-U.
  number: n^o^ 13585/88
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhAkdeniz
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: 2^e^ sect.
  issued: 
    year: 2014
    month: 03
    day: 11
  title: Akdniz c. Turquie
  title-short: Akdeniz c. Turq.
  number: n^o^ 20877/10
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-142383
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhEkinRecevab
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: 3^e^ sect.
  issued: 
    year: 2000
    month: 01
    day: 18
  title: Ekin c. France, décision sur la recevabilité
  title-short: Ekin c. Fr., recevabilité
  number: n^o^ 39288/98
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-30962
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhHentrich
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ch.
  issued: 
    year: 1994
    month: 09
    day: 22
  title: Hentrich c. France
  title-short: Hentrich c. France
  number: n^o^ 13616/88
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-62458
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhAmann
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: g^de^ ch.
  issued: 
    year: 2000
    month: 02
    day: 16
  title: Amann c. Suisse
  title-short: Amann c. Suisse
  number: n^o^ 27798/95
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-62971
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhYildirim
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: 2^e^ sect.
  issued: 
    year: 2012
    month: 12
    day: 18
  title: Ahmet Yildirim c. Turquie
  title-short: Yildirim c. Turquie
  number: n^o^ 3111/10
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-115401
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhSilver
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ch.
  issued: 
    year: 1983
    month: 03
    day: 25
  title: Silver et autres c. Royaume-Uni
  title-short: Silver c. R-U
  number: n^o^ 5947/72
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-62133
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhKlass
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: Plén.
  issued: 
    year: 1978
    month: 09
    day: 06
  title: Klass et autres c. Allemagne
  title-short: Klass c. All.
  number: n^o^ 5029/71
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-62068
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhWeber
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: 3^e^ sect.
  issued:
    year: 2006
    month: 06
    day: 29
  title: Weber et Saravia c. Allemagne
  title-short: Weber c. All.
  number: n^o^ 54934/00
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-91699
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhLiberty
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: 4^e^ sect.
  issued:
    year: 2008
    month: 07
    day: 01
  title: Liberty et autres c. Royaume-Uni
  title-short: Liberty c. R-U
  number: n^o^ 58243/00
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-87208
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhKennedy
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: 4^e^ sect.
  issued:
    year: 2010
    month: 05
    day: 18
  title: Kennedy c. Royaume-Uni
  title-short: Kennedy c. R-U
  number: n^o^ 26839/05
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-98672
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cjueDRI
  authority: CJUE
  section: g^de^ ch.
  issued:
    year: 2014
    month: 04
    day: 08
  title: "Digital Rights Ireland Ltd contre Minister for Communications, Marine and Natural Resources et autres et Kärntner Landesregierung et autres"
  title-short: Digital Rights Ireland
  number: "C-293/12, C-594/12"
  ECLI: "ECLI:EU:C:2014:238"
  URL: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/documents.jsf?num=C-293/12
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cjueSchrems
  authority: CJUE
  section: g^de^ ch.
  issued:
    year: 2015
    month: 10
    day: 06
  title: "Maximilian Schrems contre Data Protection Commissioner"
  title-short: Schrems
  number: C-362/14
  ECLI: "ECLI:EU:C:2015:650"
  URL: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/documents.jsf?num=C-362/14
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhZakharov
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: g^de^ ch.
  issued:
    year: 2015
    month: 12
    day: 04
  title: Roman Zakharov c. Russie
  title-short: Zakharov c. Russie
  number: n^o^ 47143/06
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-160008
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhMarper
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: g^de^ ch.
  issued:
    year: 2008
    month: 12
    day: 04
  title: S. et Marper c. Royaume-Uni
  title-short: Marper c. R-U
  number: n^os^ 30562/04 et 30566/04
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-90052
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cjueIPI
  authority: CJUE
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2013
    month: 11
    day: 07
  title: "Institut professionnel des agents immobiliers (IPI) c. Englebert et autres"
  title-short: IPI c. Englebert
  number: C-473/12
  ECLI: "ECLI:EU:C:2013:715"
  URL: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-473/12
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhLeander
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 1987
    month: 03
    day: 26
  title: Leander c. Suède
  title-short: Leander c. Suède
  number: n^o^ 9248/81
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-62077
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhRotaru
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2000
    month: 05
    day: 04
  title: Rotaru c. Roumanie
  title-short: Rotaru c. Roumanie
  number: n^o^ 28341/95
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-63075
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhSzabo
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2016
    month: 01
    day: 12
  title: Szabó et Vissy c. Hongrie
  title-short: Szabó c. Hongrie
  number: n^o^ 37138/14
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-160020
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cjueCruciano
  authority: CJUE
  section: g^de^ ch.
  issued:
    year: 2014
    month: 03
    day: 06
  title: "Cruciano Siragusa c. Regione Sicilia -- Soprintendenza Beni Culturali e Ambientali di Palermo"
  title-short: "Cruciano Siragusa"
  number: C-206/13
  ECLI: ECLI:EU:C:2014:126
  URL: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-206/13
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cjuePfleger
  authority: CJUE
  section: 3^e^ ch.
  issued:
    year: 2014
    month: 04
    day: 30
  title: Pfleger et autres
  title-short: Pfleger
  number: C-390/12
  ECLI: ECLI:EU:C:2014:281
  URL: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?&num=C-390/12
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cjueIrlandeVsEuroparl
  authority: CJUE
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2009
    month: 02
    day: 10
  title: "Irlande c. Parlement européen et Conseil de l'Union européenne"
  title-short: "Irlande c. Parlement et Conseil"
  number: C-301/06
  ECLI: ECLI:EU:C:2009:68
  URL: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-301/06
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhShimovolos
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: 1^re^ sect.
  issued:
    year: 2011
    month: 06
    day: 21
  title: "Shimovolos c. Russie"
  number: n^o^ 30164/09
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhNiemietz
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 1992
    month: 12
    day: 16
  title: "Niemietz c. Allemagne"
  number: n^o^ 13710/88
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhCopland
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: 4^e^ sect.
  issued:
    year: 2007
    month: 04
    day: 03
  title: Copland c. Royaume-Uni
  number: n^o^ 62617/00
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhDragojevic
  authority: Cour EDH
  section:  1^re^ sect.
  issued:
    year: 2015
    month: 01
    day: 15
  title: "Dragojević c. Croatie"
  number: n^o^ 68955/11
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhPeck
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2003
    month: 01
    day: 28
  title: Peck c. Royaume-Uni
  title-short: Peck c. R-U
  number: n^o^ 44647/98
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhEkimdzhiev
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2007
    month: 06
    day: 28
  title: "Association pour l'intégration européenne et les droits de l'homme et Ekimdzhiev c. Bulgarie"
  title-short: "Ekimdzhiev c. Bulgarie"
  number: n^o^ 62540/00
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhIordachi
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: 4^e^ sect.
  issued:
    year: 2009
    month: 02
    day: 10
  title: "Iordachi et autres c. Moldova"
  title-short: "Iordachi c. Moldova"
  number: n^o^ 25198/02
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhHalford
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 1997
    month: 06
    day: 25
  title: Halford c. Royaume-Uni
  title-short: Halford c. R-U
  number: n^o^ 20695/92
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhPgjh
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: 3^e^ sect.
  issued:
    year: 2001
    month: 09
    day: 25
  title: "PG et JH c. Royaume-Uni"
  title-short: PG et JH c. R-U
  number: n^o^ 4478/98
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhSanMarino
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: 3^e^ sect.
  issued:
    year: 2015
    month: 07
    day: 07
  title: "MN et autres c. San Marino"
  title-short: MN c. San Marino
  number: n^o^ 28005/12
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhMalone
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 1984
    month: 08
    day: 02
  title: Malone c. Royaume-Uni
  title-short: Malone c. R-U
  number: n^o^ 8691/79
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cconstIdentite
  authority: Conseil constit.
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2012
    month: 03
    day: 22
  title: Loi relative à la protection de l'identité
  title-short: Loi relative à la protection de l'identité
  number: 2012-652 DC 
  ECLI: ECLI:FR:CC:2012:2012.652.DC 
  URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/decision/2012/2012-652-dc/decision-n-2012-652-dc-du-22-mars-2012.105165.html
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cconstRenseignmt
  authority: Conseil constit.
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2015
    month: 07
    day: 23
  title: Loi relative au renseignement
  title-short: Loi renseignement
  number: 2015-713 DC
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cjueSabam
  authority: CJUE
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2012
    month: 02
    day: 16
  title: SABAM c. Netlog
  title-short: SABAM
  number: C-360/10
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cconstSurvintl
  authority: Conseil constit.
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2015
    month: 11
    day: 26
  title: "Loi relative aux mesures de surveillance des communications électroniques internationales"
  title-short: Loi surveillance internationale
  number: 2015-722 DC
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cconstAccesadmin2006
  authority: Conseil constit.
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2006
    month: 01
    day: 19
  title: "Loi relative à la lutte contre le terrorisme et portant dispositions diverses relatives à la sécurité et aux contrôles frontaliers"
  title-short: "Loi terrorisme"
  number: 2005-532 DC
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cconstLPM
  authority: Conseil constit.
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2015
    month: 07
    day: 24
  title: Association French Data Network et autres
  title-short: FDN
  number: 2015-478 QPC 
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/les-decisions/acces-par-date/decisions-depuis-1959/2015/2015-478-qpc/decision-n-2015-478-qpc-du-24-juillet-2015.144165.html
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cconstHadopi
  authority: Conseil constit.
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2009
    month: 06
    day: 10
  title: "Loi favorisant la diffusion et la protection de la création sur internet"
  title-short: Loi Hadopi
  number: 2009-580 DC
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cjceVerts
  authority: CJCE
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 1986
    month: 04
    day: 23
  title: "Parti écologiste Les Verts c. Parlement européen"
  title-short: Les Verts
  number: 294/83
  ECLI: ECLI:EU:C:1986:166
  URL: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/?uri=CELEX:61983CJ0294
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cjceHeylens
  authority: CJCE
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 
    month:
    day:
  title: Heylens et autres
  title-short: Heylens
  number: 222/86
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cjceJohnston
  authority: CJCE
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 1986
    month: 05
    day: 15
  title: Marguerite Johnston v. Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary
  title-short: Johnston
  number: 222/84
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cjueUgt
  authority: CJUE
  section: ''
  issued:
    year:
    month:
    day:
  title: UGT Rioja et autres
  title-short: UGT Rioja
  number: C-428/06
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cjueZz
  authority: CJUE
  section: g^de^ ch.
  issued:
    year: 2013
    month: 06
    day: 04
  title: ZZ c. Secretary of State for the Home Department
  title-short: ZZ
  number: C-300/11
  ECLI: ECLI:EU:C:2013:363 
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhVetter
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2005
    month: 05
    day: 31
  title: Vetter c. France
  number: n^o^ 59842/00
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhKruslin
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 1990
    month: 04
    day: 24
  title: Kruslin c. France
  number: n^o^ 11801/85
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cjueTelekabel
  authority: CJUE
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2014
    month: 03
    day: 27
  title: Telekabel
  number: C-314/12
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhEkin
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2001
    month: 07
    day: 17
  title: Association Ekin c. France
  title-short: Ekin c. France
  number: n^o^ 39288/98
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhDeweer
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 1980
    month: 02
    day: 27
  title: Deweer c. Belgique
  number: n^o^ 6903/75
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhAdolf
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 1982
    month: 03
    day: 26
  title: Adolf c. Autriche
- type: legal_case
  id: cconstAudiovis
  authority: Conseil constit.
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2009
    month: 03
    day: 03
  title: Loi audiovisuel
  number: 2009/577 DC 
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatKpmg
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: Ass.
  issued:
    year: 2006
    month: 03
    day: 24
  title: KPMG
  number: n^o^ 288460
- type: legal_case
  id: ukhighOpen
  authority: High Court du Royaume-Uni
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2015
    month: 07
    day: 17
  title: "Open Rights Group and others v. Secretary of State for the Home Department"
  title-short: "Open Rights Group"
- type: legal_case
  id: cjueAklagaren
  authority: "CJUE"
  section: "g^de^ ch."
  issued:
    year: 2013
    month: 02
    day: 26
  title: "Åklagaren contre Hans Åkerberg Fransson"
  title-short: "Åklagaren"
  number: "C-617/10"
- type: legal_case
  id: cjueERT
  authority: "CJUE"
  issued:
    year: 1991
    month: 06
    day: 18
  title: "Elliniki Radiophonia Tiléorassi AE et Panellinia Omospondia Syllogon Prossopikou contre Dimotiki Etairia Pliroforissis et Sotirios Kouvelas et Nicolaos Avdellas et autres."
  title-short: "ERT"
  number: "C-260/89"
- type: legislation
  id: euDir2002/58
  title: "Directive 2002/58/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 12 juillet 2002 concernant le traitement des données à caractère personnel et la protection de la vie privée dans le secteur des communications électroniques (directive vie privée et communications électroniques)"
  title-short: "directive 2002/58/CE"
  authority: "Union européenne"
- type: legislation
  id: frCpceL34-1
  title: "L. 34-1"
  authority: "France"
  container-title: "Code des postes et des communications électroniques"
  container-title-short: "CPCE"
- type: legislation
  id: frLcen
  title: "Loi n^o^ 2004-575 du 21 juin 2004 pour la confiance dans l'économie numérique"
  title-short: "LCEN"
- type: legal_case
  id: cjueAgTele2
  authority: "CJUE"
  issued:
    year: 2016
    month: 07
    day: 19
  title: "Conclusions de l'avocat général M. Henrik Saugmandsgaard Øe"
  title-short: "Conclusions de l'avocat général Saugmandsgaard Øe"
  number: "C-203/15, C-698/15"
  ECLI: ECLI:EU:C:2016:572
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhPopescu
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: no 2
  issued: 
    year: 2007
    month: 04
    day: 26
  title: Dumitru Popescu c. Roumanie
  title-short: Popescu c. Roumanie
  number: n^o^ 71525/01
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-62458
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatLamotte
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: Ass.
  issued: 
    year: 1950
    month: 02
    day: 17
  title: Ministre de l'agriculture c. Dame Lamotte
  title-short: Dame Lamotte
  number: Rec. p. 110
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatFalco
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: Ass.
  issued: 
    year: 1953
    month: 04
    day: 17
  title: Falco et Vidaillac
  title-short: Falco
  number: Rec. p. 175
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatDeltel
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: Sect.
  issued: 
    year: 1955
    month: 12
    day: 16
  title: Époux Deltel
  title-short: Deltel
  number: Rec. p. 592
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatSimonet
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: Sect.
  issued: 
    year: 1957
    month: 05
    day: 17
  title: Simonet
  title-short: Simonet
  number: Rec. p. 314
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatSimonet
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: Sect.
  issued: 
    year: 1957
    month: 05
    day: 17
  title: Simonet
  title-short: Simonet
  number: Rec. p. 314
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatSimonet
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: Sect.
  issued: 
    year: 1957
    month: 05
    day: 17
  title: Simonet
  title-short: Simonet
  number: Rec. p. 314
- type: legal_case
  id: cconst2011150
  authority: Conseil constit.
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2011
    month: 07
    day: 13
  title: "SAS VESTEL France et autre [Perquisitions douanières]"
  title-short: "SAS Vestel France"
  number: 2011-150 QPC 
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cconst99416
  authority: Conseil constit.
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 1999
    month: 07
    day: 23
  title: "Loi portant création d'une couverture maladie universelle"
  title-short: "Loi couverture maladie universelle"
  number: 99-416 DC 
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cconst93335
  authority: Conseil constit.
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 1994
    month: 01
    day: 21
  title: "Loi portant diverses dispositions en matière d'urbanisme et de construction"
  title-short: "Loi urbanisme et construction"
  number: 93-335 DC 
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cconst86217
  authority: Conseil constit.
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 1986
    month: 09
    day: 18
  title: "Loi relative à la liberté de communication"
  title-short: "Liberté de communication"
  number: 86-217 DC 
  ECLI: ''
  URL: ''
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhPradelle
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 1992
    month: 12
    day: 16
  title: Geouffre de la Pradelle c. France
  title-short: de la Pradelle c. France
  number: n^o^ 12964/87
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhBellet
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 1995
    month: 12
    day: 04
  title: Bellet c. France
  title-short: Bellet c. France
  number: n^o^ 23805/94
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhDeSouza
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: g^de^ ch.
  issued:
    year: 2012
    month: 12
    day: 13
  title: De Souza Ribeiro c. France
  title-short: De Souza Ribeiro c. France
  number: n^o^ 22689/07
- type: legal_case
  id: cjceJohnston
  authority: CJCE
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 1986
    month: 05
    day: 15
  title: "Marguerite Johnson"
  title-short: Johnston
  number: 222/84
- type: legal_case
  id: cjueRundfunk
  authority: CJUE
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2003
    month: 05
    day: 20
  title: "Österreichischer Rundfunk e. a."
  title-short: "Rundfunk"
  number: C-465/00, C-138/01 et C-139/01
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatVerifintern
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: form. spé.
  issued:
    year: 2016
    month: 10
    day: 19
  title: "Mme B... A..."
  title-short: "B... A..."
  number: n^o^ 397623
- type: legal_case
  id: cjueSchwarz
  authority: CJUE
  section: 4^e^ ch.
  issued:
    year: 2013
    month: 10
    day: 17
  title: "Michael Schwarz c. Stadt Bochum"
  title-short: "Schwarz"
  number: C-291/12
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatJoannides
  authority: Conseil d’État
  issued:
    year: 1990
    month: 05
    day: 02
  title: "Joannides"
  title-short: "Joannides"
  number: n^o^ 86662
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatUnionpharma
  authority: Conseil d’État
  issued:
    year: 1968
    month: 10
    day: 16
  title: "Union nationale des grandes pharmacies de France"
  title-short: "Union nationale des grandes pharmacies de France"
  number: n^os^ 69186, 69206 et 70749, Rec. p. 488
- type: legal_case
  id: cjueTele2
  authority: CJUE
  section: g^de^ ch.
  issued:
    year: 2016
    month: 12
    day: 21
  title: "Tele2 Sverige AB c. Postoch telestyrelsen et Secretary of State for the Home Department"
  title-short: Tele2 Sverige
  number: C-203/15, C-698/15
  ECLI: "ECLI:EU:C:2016:970"
  URL: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/documents.jsf?num=C-362/14
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatLoppsiCaze
  authority: Conseil d’État
  issued:
    year: 2016
    month: 02
    day: 15
  title: "French Data Network et autres"
  title-short: "French Data Network et a."
  number: n^os^ 389896 et 389140
  URL : https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichJuriAdmin.do?oldAction=rechJuriAdmin&idTexte=CETATEXT000032064635&fastReqId=1953450762&fastPos=1
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatArtigue
  authority: Conseil d’État
  issued: 
    year: 1915
    month: 11
    day: 12
  title: "Abbé Artigue"
  title-short: "Abbé Artigue"
  number: Rec. p. 309
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatCadel
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: Sect.
  issued: 
    year: 1931
    month: 01
    day: 09
  title: "Abbé Cadel"
  title-short: "Abbé Cadel"
  number: Rec. p. 11
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatMathian
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: Ass.
  issued: 
    year: 1946
    month: 11
    day: 22
  title: "Mathian"
  title-short: "Mathian"
  number: Rec. p. 278
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatFroment
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: Sect.
  issued: 
    year: 1966
    month: 11
    day: 18
  title: "Froment"
  title-short: "Froment"
  number: Rec. p. 607
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatGarnotel
  authority: Conseil d’État
  issued: 
    year: 1978
    month: 02
    day: 10
  title: "Garnotel"
  title-short: "Garnotel"
  number: Rec. p. 905
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatSandre
  authority: Conseil d’État
  issued: 
    year: 1980
    month: 07
    day: 25
  title: "Sandre"
  title-short: "Sandre"
  number: Rec. p. 325
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatDivier
  authority: Conseil d’État
  issued: 
    year: 1986
    month: 07
    day: 25
  title: "Divier"
  title-short: "Divier"
  number: Rec. p. 208
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatScientologie
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: Sect.
  issued: 
    year: 1988
    month: 10
    day: 27
  title: "Église de scientologie de Paris"
  title-short: "Scientologie"
  number: Rec. p. 354
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatCreditmut
  authority: Conseil d’État
  issued: 
    year: 2006
    month: 01
    day: 16
  title: "Fédération du Crédit mutuel du Centre Est Europe"
  title-short: "Féd. du Crédit mutuel"
  number: n^o^ 274721
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatJehovah
  authority: Conseil d’État
  issued: 
    year: 2008
    month: 08
    day: 07
  title: "Témoins de Jéhovah"
  title-short: "Témoins de Jéhovah"
  number: n^o^ 310220
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatMedecins
  authority: Conseil d’État
  issued: 
    year: 1992
    month: 07
    day: 10
  title: "Syndicat des médecins libéraux et autres"
  title-short: "Syndicat des médecins libéraux"
  number: n^os^ 105440, 106591, 110194 et 121353, Rec. p. 289
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatSeita
  authority: Conseil d’État
  issued: 
    year: 1993
    month: 02
    day: 25
  title: "Comité central d'entreprise de la SEITA"
  title-short: "SEITA"
  number: n^o^ 122993 
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatPromouvoir
  authority: Conseil d’État
  issued: 
    year: 2000
    month: 10
    day: 06
  title: "Association Promouvoir"
  title-short: "Association Promouvoir"
  number: n^o^ 216901 
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatRaiff
  authority: Conseil d’État
  issued: 
    year: 1994
    month: 10
    day: 28
  title: "Raiff"
  title-short: "Raiff"
  number: n^o^ 59767
- type: legal_case
  id: cetat23mai2014
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: ord.
  issued: 
    year: 2014
    month: 05
    day: 23
  title: ""
  title-short: ""
  number: n^o^ 380560
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatLaudon
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: Ass.
  issued: 
    year: 1969
    month: 06
    day: 06
  title: "Dame Laudon et autres"
  title-short: "Laudon"
  number: Rec. p. 288
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatNavigationaerienne
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: Ass.
  issued: 
    year: 1982
    month: 12
    day: 22
  title: "Comité central d'entreprise de la société française d'équipement pour la navigation aérienne"
  title-short: "S^té^ fra. d'équipement pour la navigation aérienne"
  number: Rec. p. 436
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatCusenier
  authority: Conseil d’État
  issued: 
    year: 1986
    month: 03
    day: 12
  title: "Ministre de la culture c. M^me^ Cusenier"
  title-short: "Cusenier"
  number: Rec. T p. 403
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatPoliciers
  authority: Conseil d’État
  issued: 
    year: 1993
    month: 02
    day: 03
  title: "Union syndicale professionnelle des policiers municipaux"
  title-short: "Union syndicale professionnelle des policiers municipaux"
  number: n^o^ 100832, Rec. p. 25
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatMonuments
  authority: Conseil d’État
  issued: 
    year: 1986
    month: 02
    day: 21
  title: "Compagnie des architectes en chef des monuments historiques"
  title-short: "Co. des architectes en chef des monuments historiques"
  number: Rec. p. 45
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatENA
  authority: Conseil d’État
  issued: 
    year: 1993
    month: 06
    day: 04
  title: "Association des anciens élèves de l'ENA, Denis et Mme Laigneau"
  title-short: "Association des anciens élèves de l'ENA"
  number: Rec. p. 526
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatMAD
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: form. spé.
  issued: 
    year: 2016
    month: 10
    day: 19
  title: "M. A... D..."
  title-short: "A... D..."
  number: n^o^ 396958
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatAccesADC
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: 10^e^ et 9^e^ SSR
  issued: 
    year: 2016
    month: 02
    day: 12
  title: "French Data Network et autres [accès administratif aux données de connexion]"
  title-short: "FDN [accès admin. aux données de connexion]"
  number: n^o^ 388134
  ECLI: ''
  URL: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichJuriAdmin.do?oldAction=rechJuriAdmin&idTexte=CETATEXT000032047966&fastReqId=549530502&fastPos=1
  comments: REP contre le décret n° 2014-1576 du 24 décembre 2014 relatif à l'accès administratif aux données de connexion
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatFranceNature
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: 9^e^ et 10^e^ SSR
  issued: 
    year: 2001
    month: 01
    day: 10
  title: "France Nature Environnement"
  title-short: "France Nature Environnement"
  number: n^o^ 217237
  ECLI: ''
  URL: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichJuriAdmin.do?idTexte=CETATEXT000008067210
- type: legal_case
  id: cjceInterEnv
  authority: CJCE
  section: ''
  issued: 
    year: 1997
    month: 12
    day: 18
  title: "Inter-Environnement Wallonie ASBL contre Région wallonne"
  title-short: "Inter-Environnement Wallonie"
  number: 129/96
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:61996CJ0129&from=FR
- type: legal_case
  id: cconstVoieHertz
  authority: Conseil constit.
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2016
    month: 10
    day: 21
  title: "La Quadrature du Net et autres [Surveillance et contrôle des trasmissions empruntant la voie hertzienne]"
  title-short: "LQDN [Surveillance voie hertzienne]"
  number: 2016-590 QPC 
  ECLI: ''
  URL: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/les-decisions/acces-par-date/decisions-depuis-1959/2016/2016-590-qpc/decision-n-2016-590-qpc-du-21-octobre-2016.148047.html
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatDecretNonPub
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: 8^e^ chambre
  issued:
    year: 2016
    month: 11
    day: 18
  title: "La Quadrature du Net et autres [Décret non publié sur les activités de surveillance internationale par les services de renseignements]"
  title-short: "LQDN [Décret non publié sur les activités de surveillance internationale]"
  number: n^o^ 393080
  ECLI: FR:CECHS:2016:393080.2016111
  URL: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichJuriAdmin.do?oldAction=rechJuriAdmin&idTexte=CETATEXT000033442775&fastReqId=1655242348&fastPos=1
  comments: ''
- type: legal_case
  id: cjueWoonpunt
  authority: CJUE
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2014
    month: 02
    day: 27
  title: "Stichting Woonpunt et autres contre Commission"
  title-short: "Stichting Woonpunt e.a. / Commission"
  number: C-132/12
  ECLI: EU:C:2014:100
  URL: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=148386&pageIndex=0&doclang=FR&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=632752
- type: legal_case
  id: cjceIrlParld2006
  authority: CJCE
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2009
    month: 02
    day: 10
  title: "Irlande contre Parlement Européen et Conseil de l'Union Européenne"
  title-short: "Irlande contre Parlement Européen"
  number: C-301/06 P
  ECLI: EU:C:2009:68
  URL: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=72843&pageIndex=0&doclang=FR&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=632950
- type: legal_case
  id: cjceDreyfus
  authority: CJCE
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 1998
    month: 05
    day: 5
  title: "Société Louis Dreyfus contre Commission des Communautés européennes"
  title-short: "Dreyfus v. Commission"
  number: C-386/96
  ECLI: EU:C:1998:193
  URL: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=43819&pageIndex=0&doclang=FR&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=633399
- type: legal_case
  id: cjcePiraiki
  authority: CJCE
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 1985
    month: 01
    day: 17
  title: "SA Piraiki-Patraiki et autres contre Commission des Communautés européennes"
  title-short: "Piraiki-Patraiki e. a. contre Commission"
  number: C-11/82
  ECLI: EU:C:1985:18
  URL: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:61982CJ0011&from=FR
- type: legal_case
  id: tpiueMicroban
  authority: TPIUE
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2011
    month: 10
    day: 25
  title: "Microban International et Microban (Europe) contre Commission"
  title-short: "Microban International v. Commission"
  number: T-262/10
  ECLI: EU:T:2011:623
  URL: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=111762&pageIndex=0&doclang=fr&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=634464
- type: legal_case
  id: tpiueFedercoop
  authority: TPIUE
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2015
    month: 07
    day: 07
  title: "Federazione nazionale delle cooperative della pesca (Federcoopesca) e.a. contre Commission européenne"
  title-short: "Federcoopesca c. Commission"
  number: T-312/14
  ECLI: EU:T:2015:472
  URL: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:62014TJ0312&from=FR
- type: legal_case
  id: tpiueForum187
  authority: TPIUE
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2010
    month: 03
    day: 18
  title: "Forum 187 ASBL contre Commission européenne"
  title-short: "Forum 187 ASBL c. Commission européenne"
  number: T-189/08
  ECLI: EU:T:2010:99
  URL: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=82994&pageIndex=0&doclang=fr&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=635506 
- type: legal_case
  id: tpiueAsoEspBanca
  authority: TPIUE
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2012
    month: 03
    day: 29
  title: "Asociación Española de Banca contre Commission européenne"
  title-short: "Asociación Española de Banca c. Commission européenne"
  number: T-236/10
  ECLI: EU:T:2012:176
  URL: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?language=fr&num=T-236/10
- type: legal_case
  id: cjceKolpinghuis
  authority: CJCE
  section: 6^e^
  issued:
    year: 1987
    month: 10
    day: 08
  title: "Procédure pénale contre Kolpinghuis Nijmegen BV."
  title-short: "Kolpinghuis Nijmegen"
  number: 80/86
- type: legal_case
  id: cetatBailapart
  authority: Conseil d’État
  section: 5^e^, 4^e^ ch. r.
  issued:
    year: 2017
    month: 03
    day: 15
  title: Association «Bail à part, tremplin pour le logement»
  title-short: Association «Bail à part»
  number: n^o^ 391654
- type: legal_case
  id: cjuebreyer
  authority: CJUE
  section: 2^e^
  issued:
    year: 2016
    month: 10
    day: 19
  title: "Patrick Breyer contre Bundesrepublik Deutschland"
  title-short: "Breyer"
  number: C-582/14
- type: legislation
  id: cnilEdvige
  authority: CNIL
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2008
    month: 06
    day: 16
  title: "Délibération n^o^ 2008-174 du 16 juin 2008 portant avis sur un projet de décret en Conseil d'Etat portant création au profit de la direction centrale de la sécurité publique d'un traitement automatisé de données à caractère personnel dénommé « EDVIGE »"
  title-short: "Avis sur le traitement EDVIGE"
  number: n^o^ 2008-174
  URL : https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000019104139
- type: legislation
  id: cnilVisage
  authority: CNIL
  issued:
    year: 2007
    month: 12
    day: 11
  title: "Délibération n^o^ 2007-368 du 11 décembre 2007 portant avis sur un projet de décret en Conseil d'Etat modifiant le décret n^o^ 2005-1726 du 30 décembre 2005 relatif aux passeports électroniques"
  title-short: "Avis relatif aux passeports électroniques"
  number: n^o^ 2007-368
  URL: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000018777441
- type: legislation
  id: cnilReconFac
  authority: CNIL
  issued:
    year: 2016
    month: 01
    day: 28
  title: "Délibération n^o^ 2016-012 du 28 janvier 2016 portant avis sur un projet de décret portant modification d'un traitement automatisé de données à caractère personnel dénommé PARAFE"
  title-short: "Avis sur le traitement PARAFE"
  number: n^o^ 2016-012
  URL: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000032372514
- type: legal_case
  id: cedhMK
  authority: Cour EDH
  section: ''
  issued:
    year: 2013
    month: 04
    day: 18
  title: "M. K contre France"
  title-short: "M. K c. France"
  number: n^o^ 19522/09
  URL: ''
...
